Healthcare Cost Guides
In-depth resources explaining how Medicare sets procedure prices, how to read a medical bill, and why the same procedure can cost very different amounts across states. According to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), the 2023 Medicare Physician & Other Practitioners dataset records payments for 9,297 procedure codes billed across 56 states and territories; every guide below is grounded in that public data and explained in our methodology.
Category volume is not category markup
According to CMS 2023 Part B claims, Drugs (Administered) is #1 of 73 by category service volume (1.3 billion services) at mean markup rank 45 (4.2x) ≠ Anesthesia #1 mean markup at 12.7x (volume #28).
- 1.3 billion
- Drugs (Administered) services (#1 volume)
- #45
- Drugs (Administered) mean markup rank
- 12.7x
- Anesthesia mean markup (#1)
- #28
- Anesthesia volume rank
Category markup averages exclude codes with Medicare payment under $5. Volume is category service count in this extract.
CMS extract by code class
9,297CPT/HCPCS codes in this extract
Understanding Medicare Costs
How Medicare sets payment rates, what billed charges really mean, and why the gap between them matters for patients.
Most Expensive Procedures in America
The costliest medical procedures ranked by Medicare payments and submitted charges, with state-by-state variation.
Why Healthcare Costs Vary by State
Geographic variation in Medicare payments explained, from cost-of-living adjustments to provider density.
How to Read a Medical Bill
A practical guide to understanding every line on your medical bill, with real-world examples and common billing codes.
Hospital Markup Explained
Why hospitals charge 3-10x what Medicare pays, how chargemasters work, and what it means for uninsured patients.
Negotiating Your Medical Bill
Proven scripts and tactics to reduce hospital and provider bills by 20-60% using cash prices, financial assistance, and your legal rights.
Understanding Hospital Price Transparency
How the federal price transparency rule works, what machine-readable files contain, and how to use the data as a patient.
Methodology
Our guides are based on publicly available data from authoritative government sources. All statistics, ratings, and figures cited in these guides are drawn directly from official datasets and publications, with sources clearly referenced throughout.
We aim to present complex government data in plain language that is accessible to general audiences. When methodologies differ between data sources or change over time, we note these variations inline. Our editorial process includes regular reviews to ensure accuracy and timeliness of the information presented.
Download the jurisdiction extract cited in these guides: cms-procedure-cost-by-state.csv. National reference on statistics.